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Acoustics

Magazine reviewers and audio system owners spend much

time critically appraising speakers and other audio compo-

nents. Unfortunately, a phenomenon that has a very large effect

upon sound is not easily judged or changed. That effect is the

ACOUSTICS of the environment in which you are listening.

Room acoustics is a complicated subject about which entire

textbooks have been written. We simply want you to be aware of

a few basics that have a direct effect on real time audio analysis.

As you probably learned in high school, sound travels in

waves. In an audio system, these waves are created by the speak-

ers. Like waves in a pond cre-

ated by a splash, sound waves

emanate from the transducers

(speakers) and spread out into

the room. If your room were

inﬁnitely big, that’s all there

would be to it. But just as

waves in a pond reach the bank

and reﬂect back, sound waves

bounce off walls, ceilings, and

ﬂoors, reﬂecting, reinforc-

ing and canceling each other

as shown in the ﬁgure above.

Since sound is energy, the way

it reﬂects depends upon the

angle of the surface, the type

of material and the frequency

of the sound wave. Because

your listening position is likely

to be towards the back of the Free Field (waves shown in the

diagram), you also get part of the reﬂected Reverberant Field as

well.

Now we add the next set of complications: Different fre-

quencies of sound have different wave lengths (a function of fre-

quency and the speed of sound). Each frequency’s wavelength

contributes differently to the Free and Reverberant Fields

because they are different sizes. For example, a 32 Hz bass note

has a wavelength of 35 FEET, while a 16,000 Hz note has a

wavelength just under a tenth of an inch. Tiny treble waves can

be caught and neutralized by draperies, carpeting, upholstered

furniture and gangs of indolent Persian cats…while gigantic

bass waves simply slosh back and forth in the room.

Room interaction

Room Acoustics

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